Category: Jesus

1 Corinthians Part 5: Judgment. 1 Corinthians chapter 4

On By Pastor TomIn 1 Corinthians, Bible Teaching, Christianity, Jesus, Sermon, UncategorizedLeave a comment


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In these first few chapters of Corinthians, Paul has been taking the Corinthians to task for their underlying spiritual immaturity. One manifestation of that immaturity is that they were splitting up into little cult-like groups following one particular leader – even though the leaders were absent, and did not wish them to behave that way.

Last time we looked at how Paul said to them that there is only one foundation – Jesus Christ – and that Christians will receive (or not receive) rewards for how they build upon that foundation. The passage we will look at this time is a continuation of those thoughts, which all come in the broader context of the pride and immaturity of the Corinthians.

If you remember, at the very beginning of this letter, Paul opened with a reminder of all that the Corinthians had in Christ. In Christ, they were perfect. In Christ, they had all wisdom, all spiritual gifts. Once more, Paul pauses to remind them of this. In fact, he points out how foolish it is to exalt one apostle above another, because all them, their teachings and their “style” belong to the Corinthians through Jesus Christ. So he writes:

21 So then, no more boasting about mere mortals! For everything belongs to you, 22 whether Paul or Apollos or Cephas or the world or life or death or the present or the future. Everything belongs to you, 23 and you belong to Christ, and Christ belongs to God.

Once again, the answer is not for the Corinthians to reform themselves – it is to go back to the well – to find their strength, their joy, their very life, in Jesus Christ. If they do that, they will be building wisely upon the foundation of Christ, and there will be no purpose in splitting up to follow the various apostles as if those apostles somehow meant anything apart from Jesus. They already have everything in Jesus.

Paul closes out this entire first section of the letter with chapter 4:1-21. There are two things I want to look at in this section.

By the way, as we go through this book I want to point out that I am not covering every little thing that could be covered in every single verse. Mostly, I am trying to listen to the Holy Spirit, and see what he wants to say to us, at this time, through this part of the bible. I am consciously by-passing some things that we could examine at greater length. Hopefully, I am doing that as the Spirit leads.

The first (and main thing) I want to examine today are Paul’s words about being evaluated, (or as some translations say, judged). Paul says he and Apollos are examples for all believers in this respect. He says that we are servants of Christ and managers of God’s mysteries. He goes on:

In this regard, it is expected of managers that each one be found faithful. It is of little importance that I should be evaluated by you or by a human court. In fact, I don’t even evaluate myself. For I am not conscious of anything against myself, but I am not justified by this. The One who evaluates me is the Lord. Therefore don’t judge anything prematurely, before the Lord comes, who will both bring to light what is hidden in darkness and reveal the intentions of the hearts. And then praise will come to each one from God.

Now, brothers, I have applied these things to myself and Apollos for your benefit, so that you may learn from us the saying: “Nothing beyond what is written.” The purpose is that none of you will be inflated with pride in favor of one person over another.

In Western culture today, there is a great deal of confusion about judging. One of the most misused and misunderstood verses of the Bible is Matthew 7:7 “Do not judge so that you will not be judged.” This does not mean we can’t call sin, “sin.” It doesn’t mean that we can’t say what the Bible says, which is that the only way to be saved is through faith in Jesus Christ. For example, when confronted with someone who says “All religions lead to the same God and the same heaven,” I don’t need to pass judgment. I can simply say what the Bible says: “Jesus said, I am the Way, the Truth, the Life. No one comes to the Father except by me.” Acts 4;12 says “And there is salvation in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given among people by which we must be saved.” I am not judging anyone. I am simply repeating what the Holy Spirit has already said. I don’t have to do it in an attitude of condemnation. I can simply pass on the information that the Spirit has given me through the Bible.

If I say “adultery is wrong” I am not making the judgment – I am simply affirming what the Holy Spirit Himself said through the Bible. Actually, it is when I insist on saying something that the Bible does not say – like that all roads lead to heaven – that I am making that judgment myself.

So when Jesus said not to judge, and when Paul says human judgment doesn’t matter, they are not saying we should just ignore the Bible – in fact, they are saying the opposite – let God do the judging, not our own biased opinions. In fact, in the very next chapter, Paul is going to apply God’s Word to someone who is sinning. He will call a certain behavior sin. He will tell the church to have nothing to do with the sinner until he repents. This is not judging someone – it is simply saying what God has already said. The actual decision of that person’s eternal future is still up to God.

In 1 Corinthians 4, Paul is talking about a specific kind of judgment – we are not judge someone else’s Christian life and service when sin is not an issue. He said the same thing in Romans 14.

Who are you to pass judgment on someone else’s servant? Before his own master he stands or falls. And he will stand, for the Lord is able to make him stand (Romans 14:4)

What Paul is saying is this: “You Corinthians are picking sides, and saying ‘Apollos is better than Paul. Paul is better than Peter.’ But Apollos, Paul and Peter are not accountable to you. God will judge how well they have served him. Your judgment about that is irrelevant.”

There is a lot of freedom as we walk with Jesus. There are many things that the Bible neither commands, nor forbids. For instance, not to shock you, but the Bible does not forbid smoking. I think we all know that smoking is extremely bad for your health, so it’s definitely not a good idea to do it. But if you are already hooked, understand this: You may be killing yourself physically, but you aren’t sinning every time you light up. We are not supposed to judge each other on these matters.

There are other things which are important, but which bible believing Christians disagree upon, and have for centuries. We all agree that baptism is important. But there is some discussion about how to do it, and what it means. I think what the Holy Spirit is saying to us through passages like these, is “follow me to the best of your understanding, and don’t condemn others who have a different understanding than you.”

We make evaluations based upon outward appearances. We looked at this a few weeks ago when we studied 1 Cor 1;26 – 2:16. We see a person with an outwardly successful life, and say “she’s doing well.” Actually, that’s judgment we aren’t qualified to make.

I don’t think New Joy has a problem with this, but you’ve probably been in churches in the past where people were judged based upon the clothes they wore to church.

Sometimes, it’s a positive judgment. But this isn’t any more right than a negative one. We might judge a person who does a lot of outward good works to be Holy. People are always surprised when a Deacon at the church who volunteers at homeless shelters suddenly turns out to be a child-abuser, or runs off with his secretary. This surprises us because we are making judgments we have no right to make. We’ve judged the man “good” by what he does on the outside.

We often make judgments based upon our traditions, our culture or what we are used to.

Churches are usually fairly traditional. By that I mean, many churches place a great value on tradition. That’s often a very good thing. However, because of this value of tradition, we may tend to have a negative view of things and people that are different from those traditions. The Bible claims that it is the revelation of God. It is different from, and has authority over, human-made traditions. So just because something is traditional, does not necessarily mean it is biblical. And something that we view as not traditional (according to our traditions) may in fact be more biblical than our traditions.

Paul’s emotional discourse after he makes these statements shows us something about the effect of making judgments. Even though Paul does not regard their evaluation of him as valid, it is still painful to be wrongly judged by others. Paul says it is of little importance that he should be evaluated by the Corinthians (4:3). I believe he means it, and was inspired by the Holy Spirit to say it. At the same time, though the evaluation of the Corinthians was not important to him spiritually, I think it is safe to say that Paul was deeply hurt emotionally by their attitude toward him. He is saying, in a godly and righteous way, that he deserves better from them.

Our brothers and sisters deserve the same from us. We can – in fact we must – say what the bible says. There are times when we need to point to brothers and sisters that their behavior is against what the Holy Spirit teaches through the Bible – Paul himself does that many times in this very letter, following this section. But even so, the actual judgment of that person is God’s responsibility, not ours.

Even more, we have no business bringing our evaluation or judgment to another believer when neither sin nor biblical truth is an issue. My sister in Christ is not my servant. She doesn’t exist on earth to do my work. She is here for God’s work. I should encourage her and help her. But it is not my business to evaluate how well she is serving God.

My biggest problem, practically, with this passage, is Tom. Paul says he doesn’t even evaluate himself. My biggest temptation is not to evaluate you, but rather me. But Paul says this is equally wrong. I don’t even have the authority to judge myself, because I do not live to serve myself, but Jesus.

Once again, we are in the realm of grace. We are called hear to give grace to others, and also receive it for ourselves. What will you do?

1 Corinthians Part 4. Rewards. 3:1-15

On By Pastor TomIn 1 Corinthians, Bible Teaching, Christianity, Jesus, Sermon, Uncategorized2 Comments


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If you remember, in 1 Cor 1:1-9 Paul took great pains to remind the Corinthians that everything they had, and everything they needed, was in Jesus Christ alone. He reminded them that they lacked nothing in him, and in fact, were perfect in him. But in these first four verses of chapter 3, he is showing them that there is a contrast between all they have in Jesus, and the way they are living their daily lives.

In Christ they are complete and lacking nothing. But they are not living out of that. They are living and acting as if they were not in Christ. Paul says

Brothers, I was not able to speak to you as spiritual people but as people of the flesh, as babies in Christ. I fed you milk, not solid food, because you were not yet able to receive it. In fact, you are still not able, because you are still fleshly. (1 Cor 3:1-3)

Several different times during the past year or so, we have encountered Bible verses that teach us how Christ has given us new and perfected life in the spiritual realm. The Life of Jesus is in our spirits. It is supposed to flow through our spirits, into our souls and into our outward lives. The life of the Spirit is supposed to influence the life we live out in our bodies. But in the case of the Corinthians, that wasn’t happening very much. Instead, they were living their daily lives as if Jesus had not redeemed them in spirit. Their redemption was not affecting their regular lives the way it was supposed to. They were living “fleshly” – that is, it was their body-life, not their Spirit-life which dominated their thinking and acting.

There is a member of this church who drives a car with a vegetable-oil fuel system. Just to be on the safe side of government regulation and taxes, I won’t mention his name. His car has a dual system. He starts it up with diesel fuel. After the oil warms up, he flips a switch, and then burns vegetable oil for the rest of the trip, until the last few miles. When he is using vegetable oil, it costs him just pennies per gallon. When he is burning diesel, obviously, it costs him more. Now, the system is installed, and it works. But if this man doesn’t simply flip the switch to draw fuel from the vegetable-oil tank, that system does him no good. He’ll be paying a high price for diesel fuel.

Now, all that is required for this man to pay almost nothing for fuel, is faith. He simply needs to trust that the system is working, and trust that it is worthwhile to flip the switch

Our spiritual fuel-system is in place. We are meant to draw life from our relationship with Jesus. But if we choose not to do that, then our relationship with Jesus isn’t helping us very much in daily life. All we need to to, is to trust Jesus more – trust that he really has given us that new life, and he really will use it to effect our daily existence.

Let me offer one more analogy. Imagine you have poor vision but your vision could be corrected with glasses. You go to the optometrist and get the prescription that will give you 20/20 vision. You order your glasses, and then pick them. In your glasses, you have all you need to see perfectly. But if you choose not to wear them, you receive no benefit from them, and your vision remains unchanged. You need to believe that the glasses will actually give you a benefit, and take the step of faith to put them on.

In the same way, we need to trust that the life of Jesus really can make a difference in how we see the world, how we relate to others and deal with the various struggles and joys that life throws at us. We need to ask for His Life to flow through us, and then believe that he has heard us, and is answering that prayer.

Paul goes on to address some implications of the fleshly attitude the Corinthians have. Since they are inclined to follow human leaders, he points out two things about their human leaders: first, that they are merely vessels, workers for God. Second, he points out that he himself does not have the fleshly attitude that they have.

As a third point, Paul brings up the issue of rewards in heaven:

Now the one who plants and the one who waters are equal, and each will receive his own reward according to his own labor. (1 Cor 3:8-9)

Each one’s work will become obvious, for the day will disclose it, because it will be revealed by fire; the fire will test the quality of each one’s work. If anyone’s work that he has built survives, he will receive a reward. If anyone’s work is burned up, it will be lost, but he will be saved; yet it will be like an escape through fire. (1 Cor 3:13-15)

I want to look at this study in depth. It is central to the point Paul is making, and it is one of the least understood and taught doctrines in the New Testament. Paul says the foundation is Jesus Christ. Rewards in Heave are based upon what we build upon that – and no other – foundation. Let’s begin by making sure of it. The Bible teaches in numerous places, over and over again, that we are saved only through God’s grace, which comes to us through a faith-based relationship with Jesus Christ.

Romans 3:20-25; Galatians 2:16-17 & 3:11-13; Titus 3:4-5; Ephesians 2:8-9 and John 14:6 are just a very small portion of the many verses which explicitly teach that we are saved only through faith in Jesus Christ.

Yet we know that no one is justified by the works of the law but by faith in Jesus Christ. And we have believed in Christ Jesus, so that we might be justified by faith in Christ and not by the works of the law, because by the works of the law no human being will be justified. (Gal 2:16-17)

So we know that our eternal destiny – whether we go to heaven or hell – is determined not by us being good enough, but by trusting Jesus. That is the foundation. Paul says, you can’t build on any other basis (3:11). If we have that foundation, we will spend eternity with Jesus and our loved ones in the New Heavens and New Earth. The whole Bible is crystal clear on that.

However, we do find that many places in the New Testament, including 1 Corinthians 3, also talk about rewards for doing good works. Now, we know that heaven itself is not a reward for doing good. So when the New Testament talks about some kind of reward in the afterlife based upon what we do here, it cannot mean salvation. So what kind of reward does Paul mean here?

This is actually very important for how we interpret the Bible. When we read any other book, we assume that the author will not deliberately contradict herself. It should be the same with the Bible. So if the Bible says clearly (as it does) that salvation is not a reward for good behavior, but only the result of faith in Jesus; and then it says there is a reward for good works, we have to assume that the reward for good works is something other than salvation. As it turns out, there are many Bible verses that talk about these rewards. Just a few of them are Revelation 22:12; Matthew 5:11-2, 6:1-6, 17-18, 10:41-42; Luke 6:35; and this one:

7 Serve wholeheartedly, as if you were serving the Lord, not men, 8 because you know that the Lord will reward everyone for whatever good he does, whether he is slave or free. (Ephesians 6:7-8)

James writes that not many should presume to be Bible teachers, because they will be judged more strictly (James 3:1). Well, as a Bible teacher I know that my salvation will be judged based on whether or not I trust Jesus. So in what way will I be judged more strictly? In the matter of my work, and any reward I might get for it.

Now, for many people, the idea of reward in heaven presents some problems. First, some people feel that it implies that there might be inequality in heaven. Second, some people feel it implies unhappiness there also.

Scripture is clear that in heaven, God wipes every tear from our eyes, and there will be no more grief or suffering or pain. So rest assured, reward or not, your joy will be complete.

What Paul says in this passage is that those who have no reward will still be saved, but it will be like an escape through a fire. If we really imagine that, we get a sense for what it is like. Ultimately we will be safe, and will find joy in that. But as we initially enter heaven, if we have built poorly on the foundation of Jesus, we will find the judgment day to be harrowing.

Now, I want to speculate a bit on what the rewards mean. I do have some scripture that suggests what I am speculating about, but I can’t nail this down for sure. In Matthew 25:14-30, Jesus tells the parable of the Talents. In it, three servants were given different resources. They were rewarded according to how they made used of those resources. They were given additional resources, according the ability they had demonstrated.

So, I think of rewards in heaven in terms of capacity. Picture two buckets. One bucket can hold a gallon of fresh, clear water. The other bucket can hold five gallons of beautiful clean water. Now imagine both buckets, filled to the brim. Which bucket has more water? Obviously, the one that can hold more. But they are both full. The one gallon bucket has as much water as it can possibly hold. It doesn’t have as much as the five gallon bucket, but then, it can’t. It is still completely full. I think maybe heaven will be like that. We will all be as full as we can be. But some people will be able to contain more of God’s fullness and joy than others. The ones with smaller capacity will still be completely full and satisfied – but the ones with greater capacity will experience their joy to level that the others can’t.

Think of it this way. In my left eye, my vision is about 20/100. It cannot be corrected, and so I am considered legally blind in that eye. Now, my right eye is basically fine, and it does most of the seeing work for me. I can drive, and watch movies, appreciate visual art and generally enjoy life. Where my half-blindness affects me most is in depth perception. I have a horrible time shooting a basketball. Things that are far away look equally distant from me. If I see man standing 100 yards away, and another man 200 yards away, they look to me like they are standing next to each other. A few years ago, 3-D pictures were popular. I never could actually see the pictures in them. I get some experience of 3-D movies, but not the same as other people. Binoculars only work for me if I close my left eye. But I was born this way. I have never seen correctly out of my left eye. So I don’t actually know what that would be like. I don’t feel sorry myself. I don’t feel handicapped. I’m perfectly happy with my vision, and I don’t really know what I’m missing, except the basketball hoop. But if there was something I could do to get true binocular vision, I would be a fool not to do it. Though I enjoy the visual aspects of life as much as I can, it would be great to get the full range of vision.

I think in heaven, some people will be like I am with my eyes. They will be happy. They will get as much joy as they can handle. But if they had made different choices while they were living on this earth, they might have been able to experience much more in heaven.

I used to say that heaven itself was enough reward for me, and so it should be – it is, in fact, more than I deserve. Even so, what a fool I would be to waste any opportunity to enjoy heaven to the fullest possible capacity! Paul is basically saying to the Corinthians: Do you really want to make a deliberate choice to enter heaven by the skin of your teeth, with the minimum possible capacity to enjoy it?

That is an attitude that comes not from the Spirit, but from the flesh. And it is ridiculous, when you think about it. It’s like a teenager saying, “I don’t care about my future after High School. As long as I’m alive and can work a minimum wage job, I’ll be fine. So right now I’m not going to study or learn or prepare for the future. What is important is not life after graduation, but only life right now.” Some people have that attitude, but it is a very short-sighted one, and most people who do take that approach end up regretting it within a few years.

Paul is encouraging them (and us) to take a more spiritual approach to the future, and to the here and now. Jesus himself said:

“Don’t collect for yourselves treasures here on earth, where moth and rust destroy and where thieves break in and steal. But collect for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust destroys, and where thieves don’t break in and steal. For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also. (Matt 6:19-21)

1 Corinthians #2. 1 Cor 1:10-25

On By Pastor TomIn 1 Corinthians, Bible Teaching, Christianity, Jesus, Sermon, UncategorizedLeave a comment

Last week, Paul established the fact that in Jesus Christ, the Corinthians lacked nothing. In Jesus Christ, we have all we need; in Him our spirits have already been made perfect. But we still exist, not only in spirit, but in body in this sin-riddled world. Now, Paul appeals to them (and to us) to let the power of God flow through their spirits into the lives they are living here and now.

The first issue he approaches, is division in the church. As always, we need to understand the context of this passage. Paul is not talking about theological disputes. In fact, from what we learn later that perhaps the Corinthians should have been having some theological differences, and standing up for what is right, even if it caused strife. Thus, in chapter five he calls them out for tolerating open sin in the church. In several other places in the letter he corrects them where they have gone astray from pure doctrine. So they weren’t actually having theological disputes, though, as I say, maybe they should have.

Paul also is not talking about meeting in separate groups in different places at different times. They had to do that. As in all places for the first 300 years of Christianity, they Christians at Corinth did not all meet together in one place. They met in small groups in homes at different times.

He explains specifically what he means by divisions: the Christians in Corinth are splitting into factions because they are following human leaders. In fact, they same to be putting human leaders in the same category as Jesus Christ. The ironic thing is that the human leaders themselves are not even in Corinth any more, and none of them want to be followed in this way. Paul urges the Corinthians to be united with the “same understanding and the same conviction.” In other words, he is saying “you all need to be on the same page,” and that “page” is Jesus Christ.

This is another reason that Paul began the letter the way he did, reminding the Corinthians of all they had in Jesus. They don’t have those blessings through Paul, or Peter (Cephas is the Aramic name for Peter) or Apollos. The life, forgiveness, grace, joy, wisdom, spiritual gifts – all come through Jesus, and only through Jesus. Paul says something interesting here. He says he is glad he didn’t baptize too many people, so that they wouldn’t become confused. This is a hint at part of the meaning of baptism. Baptism (received with faith) is an initiation into a relationship. This was part of the common meaning of baptism for the Jews, and the New Testament also seems to view it this way:

3 Or don’t you know that all of us who were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death? 4 We were therefore buried with him through baptism into death in order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, we too may live a new life.

5 If we have been united with him like this in his death, we will certainly also be united with him in his resurrection. 6 For we know that our old self was crucified with him so that the body of sin might be done away with, that we should no longer be slaves to sin— 7 because anyone who has died has been freed from sin. (Romans 6:3-7)

Baptism seems to be, in some sense, something that identifies and unites you with the person in whose name you were baptized. It is like an initiation ceremony. Several other places in the New Testament, it speaks of being baptized “into” Christ. The point Paul is making is that the Corinthians were not united with him, or Peter or Apollos. They were not initiated as followers of those three, or anyone else except Jesus Christ. They were not united with Paul or Apollos or Peter. They were united with Christ. The problem was, the Corinthians were losing their perspective and following the teachers, instead of the Person they were teaching about. To approach it from a different perspective, as a pastor and teacher, I believe firmly that if anyone follows me, I have failed. If anyone follows Jesus because of my words and actions, I have done my job.

There are two important truths here. The first truth is that all people who put their trust in Jesus Christ belong to Jesus Christ. Because of that, we are all brothers and sisters in Him. We are all on the same team, and we have the same Leader. The people who trust Jesus and go the Catholic Church are my brothers and sisters in Christ. Those who trust Jesus and go the Baptist church are my brothers and sisters too. Likewise for believers who attend Pentecostal churches, or Presbyterian congregations. People who do not put their trust in Jesus Christ are not my brothers and sisters in Christ, even if they attend the same worship service I do. This is not my opinion – it is the spiritual reality of faith in Jesus Christ. This is what Paul is trying to hammer home. It doesn’t matter which house you attend worship in. As long as you are not being led astray, it doesn’t matter which teacher/apostle/pastor you relate to the best. What matters is faith in Jesus Christ.

There is another reality also that is often forgotten. And that is, the people of God have never all belonged to the same earthly, human-led church. Even in the middle ages when virtually all Christians in Western Europe belonged to the Roman Catholic Church, there were millions of Christians elsewhere in the world who did not. Paul isn’t concerned about different churches in Corinth meeting in different places – in his time, they had to. He isn’t worried about the fact they had different bible teachers – in fact, it was a gift to the Christians in Corinth that were exposed to three such excellent teachers. True Christian unity doesn’t mean all Christians gathered together in one place, or belonging to one organization or having one human leader. But true Unity is found when we realize that all those who trust Jesus share the experience of knowing Him and walking with Him daily. It occurs when we truly live out the fact that all of us have the same savior and Lord.

I would like to see New Joy Fellowship grow. I would like to see us make disciples of more people. But I am not concerned in the least that we are just one of many, many churches in Lebanon, Tennessee. Pulling all the churches together into one organization would not achieve the spiritual unity Paul is talking about. We are already in spiritual unity with everyone who trusts Jesus, and we need to recognize it.

It is not about human beings and human teachers or human wisdom. This is why Paul launches into a discussion of wisdom in verse 18. He is reminding them of the message of Jesus, that it is not a message that comes out of human individuals or human wisdom. Paul’s discussion of this is longer than we can cover in one message, but I want to point out something he says here that is very important.

For the Jews ask for signs and the Greeks seek wisdom, but we preach Christ crucified, a stumbling block to to the Jews and foolishness to the Gentiles. Yet to those who are called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ is God’s power and God’s wisdom. Because God’s foolishness is wiser than human wisdom, and God’s weakness is stronger than man’s strength (1 Corinthians 1:22-25)

Paul is pointing out that we naturally look for one (or both) of two things. He says that Jews look for a “sign.” He means specifically that they want to see a miracle in connection with faith. To put it another way, they want to know if their faith “works.” Does it bring positive results? I don’t think Paul intends to say that only Jews feel this way. Certainly, in Paul’s day, that was a typical approach not only of Jews, but of most middle-eastern cultures. Five hundred years later, Islam grew extremely rapidly in the middle-east precisely because Muslims were victorious in battle – Islam “worked.” This is one approach to faith, and it is actually fairly common even in America today. It is not unusual to hear a testimony like this: “My life was a mess, and then I started going to church and praying, and soon I was out of debt and had a happy marriage.” God does do that for people sometimes. And when we surrender to Jesus, we begin to live our lives more and more the way we were created to be. The result is that sometimes things go better for us – faith really does bring positive results. God really does miracles too. Paul knew all about that – he watched God heal people through him; he prophesied through God’s power; he even raised a dead boy through the power of the Holy Spirit. But we make a mistake if we think that the positive results in this life are the entire point of having faith in Jesus. And the message of the cross is very different from the message of the world. Mohammed, the founder of Islam ended up very wealthy. He had many wives and mistresses. He held a lot of political power. Jesus, in contrast, lived in poverty and celibacy his whole life, and ended up brutally executed in shame. His vindication was not through success in this life, but through resurrection. The fact that Jesus submitted to this kind of life and death is offensive to the “does this work?” mindset. The fact that Christianity is not an automatic path to an easy, outwardly successful life is also a roadblock to people who just want something to make their lives better, and to those who think that outward success is proof of God’s favor. Jesus call to his followers does not sound like the easy, successful life:

“If anyone would come after me, he must deny himself and take up his cross and follow me. 25 For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for me will find it. 26 What good will it be for a man if he gains the whole world, yet forfeits his soul?

Paul describes another mindset as well. He says that Greeks seek wisdom. Again, I don’t think Paul means only Greeks take this approach, but it was typical of Greek culture during that period, and it has become also typical in much of Western culture in the 21st century. This approach says, “I won’t believe it unless it can be proved intellectually. It has to make perfect sense.” I don’t believe you have to give up thinking to become a Christian. In fact, I think it is demonstrably the most intellectually cogent way of looking at the world. Even so, there are points at which we must take a leap of faith. We would be deceiving ourselves if we said that Christianity can be completely proved. It does require faith. At some point we must step beyond what we can know with our brains, and say “I believe. I trust you, Lord.” This is offensive to the intellectual mindset. Never mind that all worldviews require this, even atheism. Other world views (like atheism) allow their followers to at least pretend that faith is not required, and all is proved. But Christianity puts it right out there in the open: faith is necessary. Human intellect alone cannot arrive at the truth. This is not always well received by people with a primarily intellectual world-view. Actually, Paul puts it more directly: to people like that, it is foolishness.

So the central message of Christianity can appear foolish (it requires a leap of faith, a surrendering to something we cannot know with our minds alone) and weak (it does not always bring about success and prosperity in the world). Paul’s challenge here is to make that leap of faith, to put our trust in Jesus even when it doesn’t all make sense, even when it doesn’t all come out successfully in this life. This is not human wisdom. This is not a leap of faith to follow human leaders. In an initial, shallow way, it even seems counter-intuitive (though if you give it some reflection, you’ll see that it is not).

Is there some way in which the Holy Spirit is reminding you to leap today?

1 Corinthians Part 1. 1:1-9. The Foundation

On By Pastor TomIn apostle paul, Bible Teaching, Christianity, Jesus, Sermon, UncategorizedLeave a comment

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We are going to begin a new study this week. We will be looking in some detail at the first (surviving) letter Paul wrote to the Corinthians. As we do this, it will helpful to have a little cultural and historical background about the city of Corinth and the church there.

Corinth was situated on the narrow neck of land (isthmus) that joins the Peloponnese peninsula (say that five times fast!) to the rest of Greece. If you look at a map of Greece, the Peloponnese is the big mass that looks a bit like a four-fingered hand sticking south into the Mediterranean sea. One of the most famous cities on the Peloponnese is Sparta. From the ancient city of Corinth, at the narrowest isthmus of the peninsula, if you looked to the West and North you would see the gulf of Corinth; to the East and South is the Saronic gulf. The land between these two bodies of water is less than four miles wide at that point. The Romans tried to dig a canal there, but they found out it was solid rock. A canal was not successfully completed until 1893. Even so, in ancient times, ships would come in to both sides of the isthmus, and send their goods over the four miles of road to the opposite side, and thus save the time and risk of a much longer trip around the Peloponnese. The people at Corinth even developed a system for hauling smaller ships across the short stretch of land, completely loaded.

Because of the shipping advantages, and because anyone traveling to or from the Peloponnese had to pass through there, the city of Corinth became a major commercial center. It even has a modern day claim to fame in the realm of agriculture. A certain type of fruit flourished in the soil nearby, and even today we call it the “currant” a name which is derived from “Corinth.” Long before the time of Christ, Corinth was famous for its temple of Aphrodite – the Greek goddess of love. It is said that at one time more than 1,000 prostitutes worked for the temple. The Romans destroyed the city in 146 BC, and then re-built it about 100 years later. It quickly regained its status as a major trade center, and though the temple of Aphrodite did not return, Corinth was still a watchword for sexual immorality. In addition, the Corinthians hosted the Isthmian Games – much like the Olympic games, but held on different years. These games were immensely popular, and continued uninterrupted even after the Romans destroyed the city, and on after they rebuilt it.

Scholars estimate during the time of the New Testament the city of Corinth was home to about half a million people. So what Paul encountered in Corinth was this: a large city in which people of many different races and economic levels mixed; a place where you might make a fortune, or where you could find ways indulge your sensual desires; or where you might make a name for yourself as a famous athlete. It was a place to pursue your personal dreams and ambitions, and a culture in which pride was more evident than humility. It was not a place known for strong moral character. If I may be so bold, in some ways it was a little bit like America in the 21st century.

Paul arrived in Corinth a little the worse for wear. He’d been kicked out of three cities in a row (Philippi, Thessalonica and Berea). After that he’d been to Athens, where he wasn’t very successful at starting a church. Then he came to to Corinth. He met a Jewish couple – Priscilla and Aquila – who had been expelled from Rome along with most Jews there. They may have already been Christians – that part is not quite clear. Paul did his usual thing, preaching in the Jewish synagogue. As usual, a few Jews received the message, and then trouble started, and he began preaching to the Gentiles. But this time, Paul heard from the Lord in a dream. The Holy Spirit said to him:

Do not be afraid; keep on speaking, do not be silent. For I am with you, and no one is going to attack and harm you, because I have many people in this city.

So Paul ended up staying in Corinth peacefully for about eighteen months, and when he left, it was by his own choice, not because he was driven away. Priscilla and Aquila went with Paul when he left, and then they parted ways at Ephesus. The couple met another man of God, named Apollos. After giving Apollos some further instruction, they sent him to do more work with the church at Corinth.

At some point, Paul wrote a letter to the Corinthians that was lost. Paul refers to this letter in 1 Corinthians 5:9. He apparently wrote another letter in between 1 and 2 Corinthians, which was also lost (there are references to it in 2 Corinthians). So, out of four letters from Paul to Corinth, we have two. This is not any cause for theological concern. The Holy Spirit preserved for us the writing that he wanted preserved.

Sometime after his first, “lost” letter, the Corinthian Christians sent a letter of their own to Paul, with some questions about various matters. At roughly the same time, some people from Corinth visited Paul – they may in fact, have personally delivered the letter. From the letter, and from the visitors, Paul learned some things about the Corinthian church that disturbed him. In response, he sat down and wrote the letter which we call 1 Corinthians.

The first three verses of the letter are a fairly typical greeting: virtually all of the letters in the New Testament have greetings that are similar to this. However, there are slight differences in the opening of each letter, and the differences here, taken together with verses 4-9, seem to have a purpose.

The fact is, Paul is going to write some things in this letter that are not very complimentary to the Corinthian Christians. He has to take them task for causing unnecessary divisions; for sexual immorality; for devaluing the word of God through Paul’s own ministry; for suing each other; for abusing spiritual gifts; for abusing the Lord’s supper; and for disorderly worship. Sadly, the Corinthians Christians have begun to compromise with their culture and they’ve screwed some things up in a big way.

Paul knows all this, and has it mind as he begins writing. But he has something else in mind also. That other thing on his mind is the great grace and love and power that are in Jesus Christ. Ultimately, the spiritual reality of the situation is not based upon the behavior of the Corinthians. It is based upon the character of God as revealed in Jesus Christ.

Paul uses the name “Christ Jesus” or some variant of it nine times in the first nine verses. He makes additional references to Jesus (as “he” or “him”) three more times in the same verses. He reminds the Corinthians that he himself is called as an apostle of Jesus Christ by God. He tells them that they have been made holy, and are called to remain holy, only in Christ Jesus. He reminds them several times that Jesus Christ is their Lord. Their grace, their knowledge, their spirituality are all given to them by and through faith in Jesus Christ. They have been enriched in every way in Jesus. They lack nothing – in, and because of, Jesus Christ.

One of my greatest struggles as a parent has been to effectively convey this dual message: I love you no matter what. Nothing you do or don’t do could make me love you any more. Nothing you do or don’t do, could make me love you any less. And, at the same time, I want you to change your behavior.

This is kind of what Paul wants to convey. The Corinthians need to change their behavior. They are living in ways that are destructive to themselves and to others. They are becoming ineffective as witnesses for Jesus.

And yet, Paul wants to make sure they know that in and through Jesus Christ, they lack nothing. In Christ Jesus, they are complete. It is not about their performance – it is about God’s grace, love and power, given through Jesus Christ and received through faith. Yes, they need to address some things about how they are living their lives in the world. But in the spiritual realm, where their spirits are alive and connected with God through faith in Jesus, they have already been made perfect and complete. The task is to bring that power to bear on the way they live their lives. Paul closes this opening section like this:

He will keep you strong to the end, so that you will be blameless on the day of our Lord Jesus Christ. God, who has called you into fellowship with his Son Jesus Christ our Lord, is faithful.